Doing & Delegating
Layers 1–2
L1 Uruk proto-cuneiform (~3300 BCE) — temple accountants record receipts on clay.
L2 Amarna letters (~1360 BCE) — royal authority carried across distance.
~1,300 years
L1 Clay tablet survey records a field boundary. Memory becomes surface.
L2 Portolan charts (1270) — navigate routes the cartographer will never sail.
~470 years
L1 Telegraph compresses a month of communication into minutes.
L2 Thermostat (1883) regulates temperature without a human hand.
~40 years
L1 ENIAC (1946) → VisiCalc (1979). Calculation becomes personal productivity.
L2 NASDAQ (1971), cron (1979), SCADA. Execution without supervision.
~25 years
L1 Archie (1990) indexes FTP servers no human could browse.
L2 WebCrawler (1994) finds pages on your behalf while you sleep.
~4 years
Organizing & Intermediating
Layers 3–5
L3 Library of Alexandria (~285 BCE) → Gutenberg press (1440).
L4 Hammurabi's Code (~1754 BCE) → U.S. Constitution (1787).
L5 Newspapers (1605), Sears catalog (1894). Markets via written text.
~3,300 years
L3 Ordnance Survey (1791) — persistent national cartographic infrastructure.
L4 Roman cursus publicus, then cadastral surveys. State legibility.
L5 Sanborn Fire Maps (1867), Google Maps (2005). Buyers find sellers.
~3,700 years
L3 Power grid. Ambient industrial energy.
L4 Telephone exchange, AT&T (1885). Coordinated communication.
L5 Radio / KDKA (1920). Mass advertising. Rural Kansas hears Detroit.
~80 years
L3 System/360 (1964) → ARPANET (1969) → AWS (2006) → iPhone (2007).
L4 Email RFC 822 (1982) → SAP (1992) → Salesforce → Slack → GitHub.
L5 Amazon, eBay, AdWords, Facebook, App Store, Uber.
~50 years
L3 Google's index becomes persistent, always-available knowledge.
L4 Enterprise search reshapes how organizations coordinate knowledge.
L5 PageRank intermediates the entire web. Relevance becomes the match.
~12 years
Institutionalizing
Layers 6–7
L6 Mesopotamian contracts (~3000 BCE) → Pacioli (1494) → VOC charter (1602).
L7 Religious canons → Philosophical Transactions (1665) → ISO, RFC, GPL.
~5,000 years
L6 Cadastral registers. Property anchored to map references.
L7 Prime Meridian (1884), Landsat (1972). Shared global ground truth.
~4,000 years
L6 Fedwire (1918), ATM (1967). Electrified settlement rails.
L7 Cronkite era, NIST standards. Shared news, shared units.
~120 years
L6 CHIPS (1970), SWIFT (1973), PayPal, Stripe, Bitcoin (2009).
L7 DOI, Wikipedia, Google Scholar, then algorithmic feeds — unresolved.
~75 years
L6 AdWords (2000) — attention itself becomes a settleable economic unit.
L7 "Google it" becomes the default epistemic act of a generation.
~25 years